Hereford was once known as the "Windmill City" due to its many windmills supplying fresh water from the Ogallala Aquifer. The Deaf Smith County Historical Museum at 400 Sampson Street in Hereford offers indoor and outdoor exhibits on the settlement of West Texas. The restored historic structure can now be seen at the National Ranching Heritage Center at Texas Tech University in Lubbock. Ī rich Western heritage includes the Las Escarbadas ranch house of the XIT Ranch, once located southwest of Hereford. Hereford is home to the headquarters of the Deaf Smith Electric Cooperative, which serves Deaf Smith, Castro, Parmer, and Oldham Counties. The area is known for its semiarid climate, with heavy farming and ranching throughout the area sustained by irrigation from the Ogallala Aquifer and the saltier Santa Rosa Aquifer beneath it. The local economy is affected significantly by growth in the dairy and ethanol industries. The city is named for the Hereford breed. It is also known as the "Beef Capital of the World" because of the large number of cattle feedlots in the area. Because fluoride is used to protect against tooth decay, Hereford earned the title "The Town Without a Toothache". Hereford's local water supply contains an unusually high level of naturally occurring fluoride. It is the only incorporated locality named " Hereford" in the country. Its population was 15,370 at the 2010 census. Hereford ( / ˈ h ɜːr f ər d/ HUR-furd ) is a city in and county seat of Deaf Smith County, Texas, United States.
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